Wastewater Irrigation and Health
Assessing and Mitigating Risk in Low-income Countries
Edited by Pay Drechsel ,  Christopher A. Scott ,  Liqa Raschid-Sally ,  Mark Redwood ,  Akiça Bahri
Hardback: 978 1 84407 795 3
Price: $152.00  

Paperback: 978 1 84407 796 0
Price: $55.95  

Publisher: Earthscan Publications Ltd.
January 2010 , 440 pp., 6 1/4" x 9 1/4"
figures, tables & photos
In many countries wastewater treatment systems are hardly functioning or have very low coverage, resulting in very poor quality water being used for irrigation and the cultivation of consumable produce. This can create significant risks to public health, particularly in expanding urban areas.

Wastewater Irrigation and Health approaches this serious problem from a practical and realistic perspective, addressing the issues of health risk assessment and reduction in developing country settings. The book therefore complements other books on the topic of wastewater which tend to target high-end treatment options or merely report that wastewater irrigation is a common phenomenon. The editors of Wastewater Irrigation and Health move the focus onto quantifying risk in order to reduce it. They present the state-of-the-art low-cost options for health risk reduction in line with the multiple barrier approach of the 2006 guidelines published by the World Health Organization. The authorship includes a mix of agronomists and engineers who have been working closely with social scientists and health experts, from Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and Australia. The chapters highlight experiences across the developing world with case studies from different parts of sub-Saharan Africa (Ghana, Dakar, Mauritania, South Africa), Asia (India, Pakistan, Vietnam, Bangladesh), Mexico and MENA (Jordan, Tunisia). The book thus clearly establishes a connection between agriculture and sanitation, which is often the missing link in the current discussion on resource recovery.

Table of Contents:
Preface
Foreword—Hillel Shuval
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
Part I: Setting the Stage
1) Assessing and Mitigating Wastewater Related Health Risks in Low-Income Countries: An Introduction—Robert Bos, Richard Carr, Bernard Keraita
2) Wastewater, Sludge and Excreta Use in Developing Countries: An Overview—Blanca Jiménez, Pay Drechsel, Doulaye Koné, Akiça Bahri, Liqa Raschid-Sally, Manzoor Qadir
Part II: Risks and Risk Assessment
3) Risk Analysis and Epidemiology: The 2006 WHO Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater in Agriculture—Duncan Mara, Robert Bos
4) Approaches to Evaluate and Develop Health Risk-Based Standards Using Available Data—Inés Navarro, Peter Teunis, Christine Moe, Blanca Jiménez
5) Tools for Risk Analysis: Updating the 2006 WHO Guidelines—Duncan Mara, Andrew Hamilton, Andrew Sleigh, Natalie Karavarsamis, Razak Seidu
6) Non-Pathogenic Tradeoffs of Wastewater Irrigation—Manzoor Qadir, Christopher Scott
7) Risk Analysis Integrating Livelihood and Economic Impacts of Wastewater Irrigation on Health—Marites Tiongco, Clare Narrod, Kelly Bidwell
Part III: Minimizing Health Risks
8) Wastewater Treatment for Pathogen Removal and Nutrient Conservation: Suitable Systems for Use in Developing Countries—Blanca Jiménez, Duncan Mara, Richard Carr, François Brissaud
9) Low-Cost Options for Pathogen Reduction and Nutrient Recovery from Faecal Sludge—Doulaye Koné, Olufunke Cofie, Kara Nelson
10: Farm-Based Measures for Reducing Microbiological Health Risks for Consumers from Informal Wastewater-Irrigated Agriculture—Bernard Keraita, Flemming Konradsen, Pay Drechsel
11) Farm-Based Measures for Reducing Human and Environmental Health Risks from Chemical Constituents in Wastewater—Robert Simmons, Manzoor Qadir, Pay Drechsel
12) Applying the Multiple-Barrier Approach for Microbial Risk Reduction in the Post-Harvest Sector of Wastewater Irrigated Vegetables—Sanja Ilic, Pay Drechsel, Philip Amoah, Jeffrey Lejeune
13) Cost Effectiveness Analysis of Interventions for Diarrhoea Disease Reduction among Consumers of Wastewater-Irrigated Lettuce in Ghana—Razak Seidu, Pay Drechsel
Part IV: Wastewater Governance and Adoption of Risk Reduction Options
14) Challenging Conventional Approaches to Wastewater Use in Agriculture—Frans Huibers, Mark Redwood, Liqa Raschid-Sally
15: Designing Reuse-Oriented Sanitation Infrastructure: The Design for Service Planning Approach—Ashley Murray, Chris Buckley
16) Facilitating the Adoption of Food Safety Interventions in the Street Food Sector and on Farm—Hanna Karg, Pay Drechsel, Philip Amoah, Regina Jeitler
17) Harnessing Farmers' Knowledge and Perceptions for Health Risk Reduction in Wastewater Irrigated Agriculture—Bernard Keraita, Pay Drechsel, Razak Seidu, Priyanie Amerasinghe, Olufunke Cofie, Flemming Konradsen
18) Multi-Stakeholder Processes for Managing Wastewater Use in Agriculture—Alexandra Evans, Liqa Raschid-Sally, Olufunke Cofie
Part V: Conclusions And Outlook
19) Wastewater Irrigation and Health: Challenges and Outlook for Mitigating Risks in Low-Income Countries—Christopher Scott, Pay Drechsel, Liqa Raschid-Sally, Akiça Bahri, Duncan Mara, Mark Redwood, Blanca Jiménez


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Reviews & Endorsements:
“This is a tremendously useful book with its clear focus on developing countries where wastewater treatment does not work. It is also a great resource for students."
- Sasha Koo-Oshima , FAO
“This book represents the best, modern innovative thinking on the topic and symbolizes an important turning point in the history of wastewater reuse in irrigation as a major contributor to water and nutrient conservation, public health and welfare.”
- Professor Hillel Shuval , Hadassah Academic College and Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel